Glossary · Term

KL divergence

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Definition

Plain language

A measure of how much one probability distribution differs from another.

As stated in the literature

Kullback-Leibler divergence, an asymmetric measure of relative entropy used in RL training to penalize policy drift from a reference distribution.

Also called: KL, K-L, KL-divergence

Why it matters: It's the standard way to keep a fine-tuned model anchored to its pretrained behavior, preventing collapse onto narrow reward-hacking outputs.

For example, during RLHF, a penalty term computes the KL divergence between the fine-tuned policy and the base model to stop the policy from drifting too far.

Heard on the show

“There's a clip and a KL penalty in there to keep the policy from drifting, but that's plumbing.”
Episode 051 — Why Parallel Sampling Plateaus, And What Evidence Graphs Do Instead

Mentioned in 4 episodes

  1. 051
    Why Parallel Sampling Plateaus, And What Evidence Graphs Do Instead
  2. 026
    What RL Actually Does to Language Models, at the Token Level
  3. 010
    When Reward Climbs But Reasoning Goes Generic: Diagnosing Template Collapse in Agentic RL
  4. 008
    Why Long-Horizon AI Agents Get Stuck, and a Milestone-Based Fix That Helps

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