Definition
Plain language
A public flag on a published paper warning readers that something about it may be wrong.
As stated in the literature
Editorial notice attached to an article signalling unresolved integrity or reliability questions short of full retraction.
Also called: expressions of concern
Why it matters: It is often the first public signal that a paper is in trouble, appearing months or years before any formal withdrawal.
For example, a journal may attach a notice to a paper saying questions have been raised about its images while an investigation is still under way.
Heard on the show
“… — a maintained, machine-readable record of scientific credibility covering retractions, expressions of concern, sleuth reports, and inherited pseudoscientific traditions. …”Episode 240 — Frontier Models Designed Follow-Ups To Fraudulent Papers 93% Of The Time